STRATEGY OF
STRUCTURE TOEFL
First of all
consider the sentence in question in terms of . Remember, purpose of the
questions was to determine the structure or determine what the most appropriate
response for the complete lack of matter . Therefore, by observing carefully
will know the short comings and what is needed to complete it . Here you need
to identify the components of the sentence . That is , which is the subject
(noun ) , predicate (verb ) , object (noun ) , adverbs , and etc.
Consider each answer is available , choose the most appropriate to
complete the sentence in question.You have to pay attention to each answer in
the answer choices ( A ) , ( B ) , ( C ) , and ( D ) . By looking carefully you
will soon find out which one is the right choice to fill the gap in the
sentence in question . Of course you need to equip themselves with adequate
grammar abilities . So it is advisable to study grammar books
Never
eliminate an answer choice just look at the answer without seeing the phrase
about In general , each answer choice is true when it stands alone . An answer
choice is right or wrong will be known once it is inserted into the sentence .
Skill 1:
Make sure that sentence has a subject and a Verb .
A sentence
in English MUST have at least a subject and a verb (Verb). It most often
appears on the TOEFL test part structure / grammar of the issue of subject and
verb: It could be in a verb phrase may be eliminated or subject, or perhaps to
both, or just have a subject and verb excess.
Ex:
________ was
backed up for miles on the freeway.
a) Yesterday
b) In the
morning
c) Traffic
d) Cars
Skill 2:
Consider the objects of prepositions
Object (what
comes after) preposition MUST noun or pronoun). An example of the preposition
that in, at, of, to, by, on, behind, and others. Please refer to the dictionary
to determine the form of the preposition.
example:
After his
exams Tom will take a trip by boat.
In the
sentence above, there are two preposition: after and by. The word exam (noun)
is the object of the preposition after, and the boat is an object of the
preposition by.
The object
of the preposition can create confusion on the part of the TOEFL test structure
/ grammar. REMEMBER! The object of the preposition is not the subject of the
sentence.
Ex :
With his
friends _____ found the movie theater.
a) has
b) he
c) later
d) when
Skill 3:
Note the use and position Appositive
Appositive
can be a rapscallion in knowing the subject in a sentence structure in the TOEFL
test section. Appositive is a noun that comes after other nouns that have the
same meaning.
Sally, the
best student in the class, got an A on the exam.
In the above
example Sally is the subject of the sentence and the best student in the class
can be recognized easily as appositive because there is a comma separated. The
best student in the class it is also Sally, so to both the same.
Ex :
_____,
George, is attending the lecture.
a) Right now
b) Happily
c) Because
of the time
d) My friend
Skill 4 :
Note the use and position of the Present Participle
Present
participle is verb + ing : talking , playing , watching, etc. . Present
participle form of the problem can be Spieler Structure TOEFL test . Present
participle can only be an adjective ( adjective ) which generally describes the
subject of like Appositive ( see here on appositive ) or be part of keja word (
verb ) when preceded by be ( am , is , are , was , were ) .
The man is
talking to his friend .
The man
talking to his friend has a beard .
In the first
sentence talking present participle form of the verb part because preceded by
Be ( is ) . While no. 2 talking present participle is an adjective ( describes
the men 's ) and not as part of a verb because it is not preceded by some as
the first sentence . Verb of the sentence into two: has ( the man has a beard )
.
Ex:
The child
_____ playing in the yard is my son.
a) now
b) is
c) he
d) was
Skill 5 :
Note the use and position of Past Participle
Usage and
Past Participle position similar to the present participle that has been
discussed yesterday. The difference is Past Participle form of passive voice .
Past
participle is Verb III : purchased , written , taught , etc. . Present
participle form of the problem can be Spieler Structure TOEFL test . Past
participle can only be an adjective ( adjective ) which generally describes the
subject of like Appositive or be part of verb when preceded by be ( am ,
is , are , was , were ) and have ( have , has , had)
· The family
has purchased a television .
· The poem was
written by Paul .
In the first
sentence of the form of the past participle ' purchased ' are part of the verb
because preceded by have ( has ) . While no. 2 past participle ' written ' is
also a part of the verb because preceded by some ( was ) .
· The
television was purchased yesterday expensive .
· The poem
written by Paul Appeared in the magazine .
The second
form of the past participle above ( purchased and written ) is not followed by
some or even have it to both an adjective that describes the shape of each
subject of the sentence (television and poem ) .
Ex :
The packages
_____ mailed at the post office will arrive Monday.
a) have
b) were
c) them
d) just
Skill 6 : Use
a coordinate conjunction with correct connector
Many words
in English have more than one clause :
· I am
learning .
· Mom is
cooking , and dad is working in the garden .
· The girl who
is looking at me is my neighbor .
The first sentence
has only one clause while the last two sentences have two clauses of the first
' mom is cooking ' and ' dad is working in the garden . ' The second ' the girl
is my neighbor ' and ' who is looking at me . ' From the above examples we can
conclude that the clause was part of the sentence or the sentence itself that
has a subject and a verb . It is generally understood that the clause is a
group of words that contains a subject and a verb .
In this
skill will be learned about the forms of coordinate conjunctions connector and
its use in the sentence . Coordinate connector is used to connect between one
another clause by clause . Common coordinate connector examples are: and , but
, or , so , yet . Note the use of commas before.
· Tom is
singing , and Paul is dancing .
· Tom is tall
, but Paul is short .
· Tom must
write the letter , or Paul will do it .
· Tom told a
joke , so Paul laughed .
· Tom is tired
, yet he is not going to sleep .
Ex:
A power
failure occured, _____ the lamps went out.
a) then
b) so
c) later
d) next
Skill 7: Use
a Adverb Time Connector and Cause Connector correctly
Sentences
using clauses of clause adverb of time has 2 basic patterns:
· I will sign
the check before you live.
· Before you
live, I will sign the check.
Each of the
examples above, there are two clauses: you live and I will sign the check. The
second clause of the adverb time clause which (you live) because it is preceded
by a conjunctive adverb time connector (before). Note the use of the coma when
the time adverb connector located at the front of the sentence.
Ex:
_____ was
late, I missed the appointment.
a) I
b) Because
c) The train
d) Since he
Skill 8: Use
the information that the Other Adverb Other Connectors with correct
|
OTHER ADVERB CONNECTORS
|
|||
|
Condition(pengandaian)
|
Contrast (berlawanan)
|
Manner(cara)
|
Place
|
|
If (jika)
In case
(if)
Provided
(if)
Providing
(if)
Unless
(kecuali jika)
Whether
|
Although
(walaupun)
Even
though (although)
Though
(although)
While
(walaupun/sedangkan/tapi)
Whereas
(while)
|
As
In that
|
Where
Wherever
(di manapun)
|
|
Contoh:
Bob Went to
school even though he felt sick.
Even though Bob felt sick, he went to school. |
|||
Note:
Note the use
of the coma when the connector at the beginning of the sentence.
Pay
attention to the subject (the word is blocked) and verbs (words that are
blocked and underlined) in each clause
Except: While
or whereas always use comma (,)
· The Smith
family arrived at 2:00, while the Jones family arrived an hour later.
· Mary is
rich, while John is poor.
· While John is
poor, Mary is rich.
· Whereas John is
poor, Mary is rich.
Ex :
You will get
a good grade on the exam provided _____.
a) studying
b) study
c) to study
d) you study
Skill 9: Use
Noun Clause Connectors with correct.
|
NOUN CLAUSE CONNECTORS
|
|||
|
what,
when, where, why, how
|
whatever,
whenever
|
||
|
whether
(apakah), if (apakah)
|
that
(bahwa / sering tidak diartikan)
|
||
example :
I know what
you did
I: Subject
V : Verb
What : Noun
Connector
You:
Subjects
Did ( work )
: Verb
Example
above we can know that the Noun Clause ( what you did ) serves as the object of
the sentence.
example :
What you did
was wrong
What : noun
connector
you : the
subject
did : verb
was : verb
Example
above we can know that the Noun Clause ( what you did ) serves as the subject
of the sentence.
Noun clause
is a form of clause that functions as a noun which means it can occupy the
position of the noun is : as the subject or object of a verb or preposition
objects.
1. I know when
he will arrive . ( noun clause as the object of the verb )
2. I am
concerned about when he will arrive . ( noun clause as the object of a
preposition )
3. When he will
arrive is not important . ( noun clause as subject of the sentence )
Ex :
_______ was
late cused many problems.
a) That he
b) The
driver
c) There
d) Because
Skill 10:
Use noun clause connectors that functions as well as the subject (Noun Clause
Connectors / Subjects) with correct.
|
NOUN CLAUSE CONNECTORS/SUBJECTS
|
|||
|
Who what which
Whoever whatever whichever
|
|||
·
S
V
Noun
connector/subject
V
I
know
what
happened
Example
above we can know that the 'what' not only serves as a connector, but also at
the same time the subject of the noun clause 'what happened.'
· Noun
connector/subject
V
V
What
happened was great
Example above
we can know that the 'what' not only serves as a connector, but also at the
same time the subject of the noun clause 'what happened.' And 'what happened'
function is the subject of the sentence What happened was great.
In this
skill 10 we would learn that the noun clause connector not only serves as a
connector but can also simultaneously be the subject of a noun clause .
1. I do not
know what is in the box .
2. We are
concerned about who will do the work
.
3. Whoever is coming to the
party must bring a gift .
In the
example the first sentence , there are two clauses , I do not know and what
is in the box . The two clauses are connected by a connector (
conjunctive ) what . Please note in this sentence connectors ' what' has
two roles : as the subject of the verb ' is ' as well as a connector that
connects to the second clause .
In the
second example , there are two clauses . In the first clause , we are on
the subject are . In clause 2, who was the subject of a will
do . Who also serves as a connector that connects between the two
clauses . Noun clause who will do the work serves as the object of the
preposition about .
In the third
example , also there are two clauses : the subject of whoever is
coming . Whoever is coming to the party is the subject of a must
bring . Connector word ' whoever ' serves as the subject of the verb is
coming as well as a connector that connects to the two clauses .
Ex:
____ was on
television made me angry
a.It
b.The story
c.What
d.When
Skill 11:
Use Adjective clause connectors that functions as well as the subject
(Adjective Clause Connector) with correct .
|
ADJECTIVE CLAUSE CONNECTORS
|
|||
|
whom
(for
people)
|
which
(for things) |
that
(for people or things) |
|
|
S V
adjective connector
S V
I
liked the
book
which
you recommmend.
S
adjective connector
S V
The
book
which
you
recommended
was interesting.
|
|||
Note:
Adjective
connectors can be removed (omitted). This omission is very common in speaking
but not as common in English as well as in formal Structure TOEFL test.
Adjective
clause is a clause that functions as an adjective ( adjective ) is ' describes
the noun ( noun ) . ' It's just not exactly the same position . If the
adjective ( adjective ) normally before the noun described , while the
adjective after the noun clause was his .
· The woman
is filling the glass that she put on the table .
· The glass
that she put on the table contains milk .
In the
example the first sentence , there are two clauses : , woman is the subject of
the verb is filling , and she is the subject of the verb 'put
' . That is a adjective clause connector which connects to
the two clauses above , and the adjective clause 'that she put on the table '
to explain / describe the noun glass .
In the
second example , also contained two clauses . The word ' glass' is the subject
of the verb ' contains ' and she is the subject of the verb 'put . ' That is a
adjective clause connector. Adjective clause 'that she put on the table '
describes the noun ' glass . '
Ex:
The gift
______ selected for the bride was rather expensive.
a.because
b.was
c.since
d.which we
sumber :
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar